# NTB Drivers NTB (Non-Transparent Bridge) is a type of PCI-Express bridge chip that connects the separate memory systems of two computers to the same PCI-Express fabric. Existing NTB hardware supports a common feature set, including scratchpad registers, doorbell registers, and memory translation windows. Scratchpad registers are read-and-writable registers that are accessible from either side of the device, so that peers can exchange a small amount of information at a fixed address. Doorbell registers provide a way for peers to send interrupt events. Memory windows allow translated read and write access to the peer memory. ## NTB Core Driver (ntb) The NTB core driver defines an api wrapping the common feature set, and allows clients interested in NTB features to discover NTB the devices supported by hardware drivers. The term "client" is used here to mean an upper layer component making use of the NTB api. The term "driver," or "hardware driver," is used here to mean a driver for a specific vendor and model of NTB hardware. ## NTB Client Drivers NTB client drivers should register with the NTB core driver. After registering, the client probe and remove functions will be called appropriately as ntb hardware, or hardware drivers, are inserted and removed. The registration uses the Linux Device framework, so it should feel familiar to anyone who has written a pci driver. ### NTB Transport Client (ntb\_transport) and NTB Netdev (ntb\_netdev) The primary client for NTB is the Transport client, used in tandem with NTB Netdev. These drivers function together to create a logical link to the peer, across the ntb, to exchange packets of network data. The Transport client establishes a logical link to the peer, and creates queue pairs to exchange messages and data. The NTB Netdev then creates an ethernet device using a Transport queue pair. Network data is copied between socket buffers and the Transport queue pair buffer. The Transport client may be used for other things besides Netdev, however no other applications have yet been written. ### NTB Ping Pong Test Client (ntb\_pingpong) The Ping Pong test client serves as a demonstration to exercise the doorbell and scratchpad registers of NTB hardware, and as an example simple NTB client. Ping Pong enables the link when started, waits for the NTB link to come up, and then proceeds to read and write the doorbell scratchpad registers of the NTB. The peers interrupt each other using a bit mask of doorbell bits, which is shifted by one in each round, to test the behavior of multiple doorbell bits and interrupt vectors. The Ping Pong driver also reads the first local scratchpad, and writes the value plus one to the first peer scratchpad, each round before writing the peer doorbell register. Module Parameters: * unsafe - Some hardware has known issues with scratchpad and doorbell registers. By default, Ping Pong will not attempt to exercise such hardware. You may override this behavior at your own risk by setting unsafe=1. * delay\_ms - Specify the delay between receiving a doorbell interrupt event and setting the peer doorbell register for the next round. * init\_db - Specify the doorbell bits to start new series of rounds. A new series begins once all the doorbell bits have been shifted out of range. * dyndbg - It is suggested to specify dyndbg=+p when loading this module, and then to observe debugging output on the console. ### NTB Tool Test Client (ntb\_tool) The Tool test client serves for debugging, primarily, ntb hardware and drivers. The Tool provides access through debugfs for reading, setting, and clearing the NTB doorbell, and reading and writing scratchpads. The Tool does not currently have any module parameters. Debugfs Files: * *debugfs*/ntb\_tool/*hw*/ - A directory in debugfs will be created for each NTB device probed by the tool. This directory is shortened to *hw* below. * *hw*/db - This file is used to read, set, and clear the local doorbell. Not all operations may be supported by all hardware. To read the doorbell, read the file. To set the doorbell, write `s` followed by the bits to set (eg: `echo 's 0x0101' > db`). To clear the doorbell, write `c` followed by the bits to clear. * *hw*/mask - This file is used to read, set, and clear the local doorbell mask. See *db* for details. * *hw*/peer\_db - This file is used to read, set, and clear the peer doorbell. See *db* for details. * *hw*/peer\_mask - This file is used to read, set, and clear the peer doorbell mask. See *db* for details. * *hw*/spad - This file is used to read and write local scratchpads. To read the values of all scratchpads, read the file. To write values, write a series of pairs of scratchpad number and value (eg: `echo '4 0x123 7 0xabc' > spad` # to set scratchpads `4` and `7` to `0x123` and `0xabc`, respectively). * *hw*/peer\_spad - This file is used to read and write peer scratchpads. See *spad* for details. ## NTB Hardware Drivers NTB hardware drivers should register devices with the NTB core driver. After registering, clients probe and remove functions will be called. ### NTB Intel Hardware Driver (ntb\_hw\_intel) The Intel hardware driver supports NTB on Xeon and Atom CPUs. Module Parameters: * b2b\_mw\_idx - If the peer ntb is to be accessed via a memory window, then use this memory window to access the peer ntb. A value of zero or positive starts from the first mw idx, and a negative value starts from the last mw idx. Both sides MUST set the same value here! The default value is `-1`. * b2b\_mw\_share - If the peer ntb is to be accessed via a memory window, and if the memory window is large enough, still allow the client to use the second half of the memory window for address translation to the peer. * xeon\_b2b\_usd\_bar2\_addr64 - If using B2B topology on Xeon hardware, use this 64 bit address on the bus between the NTB devices for the window at BAR2, on the upstream side of the link. * xeon\_b2b\_usd\_bar4\_addr64 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_usd\_bar4\_addr32 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_usd\_bar5\_addr32 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_dsd\_bar2\_addr64 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_dsd\_bar4\_addr64 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_dsd\_bar4\_addr32 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*. * xeon\_b2b\_dsd\_bar5\_addr32 - See *xeon\_b2b\_bar2\_addr64*.