Documentation/arm64/memory.txt

   1                      Memory Layout on AArch64 Linux
   2                      ==============================
   3
   4 Author: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
   5 Date  : 20 February 2012
   6
   7 This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the AArch64
   8 Linux kernel. The architecture allows up to 4 levels of translation
   9 tables with a 4KB page size and up to 3 levels with a 64KB page size.
  10
  11 AArch64 Linux uses 3 levels of translation tables with the 4KB page
  12 configuration, allowing 39-bit (512GB) virtual addresses for both user
  13 and kernel. With 64KB pages, only 2 levels of translation tables are
  14 used but the memory layout is the same.
  15
  16 User addresses have bits 63:39 set to 0 while the kernel addresses have
  17 the same bits set to 1. TTBRx selection is given by bit 63 of the
  18 virtual address. The swapper_pg_dir contains only kernel (global)
  19 mappings while the user pgd contains only user (non-global) mappings.
  20 The swapper_pgd_dir address is written to TTBR1 and never written to
  21 TTBR0.
  22
  23
  24 AArch64 Linux memory layout with 4KB pages:
  25
  26 Start                   End                     Size            Use
  27 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  28 0000000000000000        0000007fffffffff         512GB          user
  29
  30 ffffff8000000000        ffffffbbfffeffff        ~240GB          vmalloc
  31
  32 ffffffbbffff0000        ffffffbbffffffff          64KB          [guard page]
  33
  34 ffffffbc00000000        ffffffbdffffffff           8GB          vmemmap
  35
  36 ffffffbe00000000        ffffffbffbbfffff          ~8GB          [guard, future vmmemap]
  37
  38 ffffffbffbc00000        ffffffbffbdfffff           2MB          earlyprintk device
  39
  40 ffffffbffbe00000        ffffffbffbe0ffff          64KB          PCI I/O space
  41
  42 ffffffbffbe10000        ffffffbcffffffff          ~2MB          [guard]
  43
  44 ffffffbffc000000        ffffffbfffffffff          64MB          modules
  45
  46 ffffffc000000000        ffffffffffffffff         256GB          kernel logical memory map
  47
  48
  49 AArch64 Linux memory layout with 64KB pages:
  50
  51 Start                   End                     Size            Use
  52 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  53 0000000000000000        000003ffffffffff           4TB          user
  54
  55 fffffc0000000000        fffffdfbfffeffff          ~2TB          vmalloc
  56
  57 fffffdfbffff0000        fffffdfbffffffff          64KB          [guard page]
  58
  59 fffffdfc00000000        fffffdfdffffffff           8GB          vmemmap
  60
  61 fffffdfe00000000        fffffdfffbbfffff          ~8GB          [guard, future vmmemap]
  62
  63 fffffdfffbc00000        fffffdfffbdfffff           2MB          earlyprintk device
  64
  65 fffffdfffbe00000        fffffdfffbe0ffff          64KB          PCI I/O space
  66
  67 fffffdfffbe10000        fffffdfffbffffff          ~2MB          [guard]
  68
  69 fffffdfffc000000        fffffdffffffffff          64MB          modules
  70
  71 fffffe0000000000        ffffffffffffffff           2TB          kernel logical memory map
  72
  73
  74 Translation table lookup with 4KB pages:
  75
  76 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  77 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|
  78 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  79  |                 |         |         |         |         |
  80  |                 |         |         |         |         v
  81  |                 |         |         |         |   [11:0]  in-page offset
  82  |                 |         |         |         +-> [20:12] L3 index
  83  |                 |         |         +-----------> [29:21] L2 index
  84  |                 |         +---------------------> [38:30] L1 index
  85  |                 +-------------------------------> [47:39] L0 index (not used)
  86  +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
  87
  88
  89 Translation table lookup with 64KB pages:
  90
  91 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  92 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|
  93 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
  94  |                 |    |               |              |
  95  |                 |    |               |              v
  96  |                 |    |               |            [15:0]  in-page offset
  97  |                 |    |               +----------> [28:16] L3 index
  98  |                 |    +--------------------------> [41:29] L2 index (only 38:29 used)
  99  |                 +-------------------------------> [47:42] L1 index (not used)
 100  +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
 101
 102 When using KVM, the hypervisor maps kernel pages in EL2, at a fixed
 103 offset from the kernel VA (top 24bits of the kernel VA set to zero):
 104
 105 Start                   End                     Size            Use
 106 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 107 0000004000000000        0000007fffffffff         256GB          kernel objects mapped in HYP